Internet Security Terms & Definitions
Presented by Warren Franklin of Complete Internet Protection
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Back Orifice - One of the more powerful Trojans or hacker tools in the world. When
Back Orifice is running on a computer, a hacker anywhere on the Global Internet can
gain access and completely control the computer, doing anything they like with it,
including many things the owner of the computer cannot do.
Backdoor - An intentional breach or open door in the security of a computer system
left in place by the designers of the software. A hidden software or hardware mechanism
used to circumvent security controls. A breach created intentionally by malicious
hackers for the purpose of gaining access to a computer, or collecting, altering,
or destroying data. Also called a “Trapdoor.”
Backup - To copy files from one source of storage to another secure and stable source.
Home users and businesses are recommended to backup their important data or information
to CD’s, other hard drives, magnetic or digital tapes, or various other media sources
in case of a natural disaster, cyber attacks or hardware failures.
Bandwidth - A term of measurement to describe the size or speed of a connection to
the Internet. Bandwidth is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted
or received per unit time. For example, it takes more bandwidth to download a photograph
from the Internet in one second than it takes to download a page of text in one second.
Beep Code - A beep code is the audio signal given out by a personal computer to announce
the result of a short diagnostic testing sequence the computer performs when first
powering up.
Black Hat - Black hat is used to describe a hacker or cracker who breaks into a computer
system or network with malicious intent. Unlike a white hat hacker, the black hat
hacker takes advantage of the break-in, perhaps destroying files or stealing data
for some future purpose.
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Internet Security Terms & Definitions
Blue Bomb - Also known as the Blue Screen of Death or WinNuke. Technique for causing
the Windows operating system of someone you’re communicating with to crash or suddenly
terminate. The blue bomb contains information that the operating system can’t process.
This condition causes the operating system to “crash” or terminate prematurely.
Its name comes from the effect it sometimes causes on the monitor, giving the user
the “blue screen of death” - a white-on-blue error screen.
Bomb - A generic description for the crashing of software or hardware systems.
Boot Sector - The first part of any hard drive or diskette that contains the Master
Boot Record. Also called the Partition Sector. See Master Boot Record.
Bootable Disc - A bootable disc is a disk that contains the files that the computer
needs to function. In case of damage to the Master Boot Record (MBR), a bootable
disc can be used as a clean copy to reload or re-start the system.
Breach - The successful defeat of a computer’s security mechanisms that could result
in system penetration. Also known as a violation of a system’s controls that exposes
information assets or system components.
Broadband - In general, broadband refers to high-speed telecommunications such as
Internet, cable TV, DSL, and fiber optics. Broadband connections allow more information
to be transmitted in a shorter period of time.
Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and
interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. Examples include Microsoft
Internet Explorer and Netscape.
“Brute Force” Password Cracker - Most often used as a hacker tool to crack computer
passwords by doing intense alphanumeric and word-based scans. Programs will try
passwords like “aa,” “ab,” “ac,” and so on until every character combination has
been tried.
Buffer - A buffer is a reserved area of memory shared by hardware devices or programs
that handles excess overflow of data during a process such as burning a CD. Without
buffers, computers would crash when all the active memory is used up. The memory
buffer allows each device, like a CD player, or process to operate without being
held up or slowed down by the other.
Buffer Overflow - A buffer overflow occurs when a program or process tries to store
more data in a buffer (temporary data storage area) than it was intended to hold.
